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谨遵圣贤教诲,每日三省吾身。一时一地所思,权作抛砖引玉。若有思之不当,敬请指正为盼。
教育专列
31.高三英语复习方法浅议
好方法等于好成绩。教无定法,教学有法。重点靠摸索,适当地借鉴。别人的好方法可以借来参考,但全盘套用就不一定实用。校情学情不同,教法学法有别。课堂教学一定要依据自己学校,不同班级,学生学习情况,因地制宜。
比方说,完形填空,通读全篇,了解大意,巧辩词意,瞻前顾后,上下联系;阅读理解,理解主题句,查找细节题,推断,概括,排除干扰项;任务型读写,上看下看,左观右瞧,细致观察,注意拼写;书面表达,审题立意,判断时态,选好人称,句式运用,灵活多变等诸如此类一系列所谓解题技巧光靠口头讲述或文字描写是很难奏效的。说得轻巧,做起来难。只有练习,才能过关。适度练习,亲身感悟,总结摸索,活学活用。
另外,许多拼写规则,解题技巧,讲时都懂,一写就错,多半是不熟的缘故,没有记到心里去。
任务型读写和书面表达常犯的错误,虽然讲过多遍,总是有人记不住,可能的原因是记忆方法不当,或是训练力度不够。如单词拼写(infortion , environnt, progress,destroyed等),词类运用(如its \/it's, creativity\/ creative, careful\/carefully等),时态语态选择(主动与被动分不清),动词运用(非谓语动词不能作谓语,情态动词, y, should, st等后大多时候不能加to do 或doing等动词形式,特殊情况除外),第三人称单数使用等。经常做些填空,句型转换,单句改错或短文改错等类型的题目,不仅能培养细心的品质,提高观察能力,想象能力(尤其是填空题),还能增强记忆,加深印象,达到一定的效果。
高三后期英语复习,以综合训练题为主,兼顾基础知识强化和积累。同学们之间学习层次不同,面向全体,有效兼顾,共同进步也是大有裨益的。
32.提高认识达成共识
应试教育让我们身不由己地,机械地围着高考指挥棒旋转。高考考什么,我们就教什么或学什么。不考的题型一律免做,说是不能浪费时间。这样做的前景会是怎样的呢?
众所周知,同一个演员可以以不同的角色出现在不同的电影里。同理,同一个语言点或句式也可以以不同的形式出现在不同的题型里。万变不离其宗。此种题型不考,并不代表着这个语言点或这个句式不考。比方说,有的地方取消了填空题,单词拼写和短文改错。结果在平时的训练中就取消了这类题型训练。这是很不利于某些能力的提高的。有人说,好文章是改出来。只要有写作,就离不开修改。短文改错怎么能随便放弃呢?再如,单词拼写,填空题比单项选择题更能激发人们的联想和想象。平时教学中不做此种类型的训练是得不偿失的。要知道,想象力比任何知识都重要啊。
由此可见,不能让高考指挥棒棒打鸳鸯散。同一个语言点或句型可以通过各种不同途径加以训练和掌握,印象会更深刻,能力会更好地显现。
另外,名言警句不可少,少了素养难提高。不做考试的机器,要做就做大写人。。
33.英语里的形容词和副词
一个名词或一个代词一般情况下都不是孤立存在的,都会有意无意同一些词搞好关系,这样才显得灵魂饱满,不至于空乏。这些词在英语里有自己的称谓。它们叫形容词。另外,一般人都喜欢在茶余饭后说长论短,总喜欢拿人或物比较一番,比出个子丑寅卯。比方说,好的想更好,更好的想超好,很少有人想变坏,或坏的更坏,直至最坏。这就要用到英语里的级,即原级,比较级和最高级。不比不知道,一比见分晓。想用好的形容词修饰自己,就要多做好事哟。
当然了,人活着总得做事。什么时间做什么事,什么场合做什么事,怎样做,做得怎样以及做的次数,总得有个交代。这就分别要用到不同的副词帮忙,如时间副词(today, torrow, this week, c ),地点副词(here, there, everywhere, anywhere, etc ),方式副词(proudly, rudely, slowly,etc ),程度副词(deeply, coletely, absolutely, etc ),以及频率副词(always, often, c )等。它们可以用来修饰动词,形容词,副词,以及全句,这是副词的职责,它们也从不推诿。
李四光说:“观察是得到一切知识的一个首要步骤。”闲话少说,言归正传。请观察例句,仔细揣摩,重在感悟。
1. to surprise, the driver is still alive after the traffic act.\/ they are very ch alike.\/ send all the tickets available.\/ it's the only solution possible.
2. he lay in bed, wide awake.\/ he returned ho, safe and sound.\/ the goat rolled over, dead.\/ the driver was sitting inside, unscious.\/ how often do we arrive at work or school stressed out, tired and angry.\/ coortable and safe, these attractive shoes be worn to a.
3. strangely enough, so faus stists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.
4. you ot be careful enough.\/ you ot be too careful.
5. at a rough estite, nigeria is three tis as big as great britain.\/ at a rough estite, nigeria is three tis the size of great britain.\/ i was so hungry that i ate twice as ch as anybody else.
6. the output of this year is 3 tis what it was in 2010.\/ the output of this year is 3 tis that of 2010.
7. it is generally believed that teag is as ant as it is a sce.
8. the building is as tall as 150 tres.\/ the building is 150 tres tall.\/ it get as cold as nus 40 or 50 degrees at night.
9. the students study even harder than before.\/ your cooking is even worse than harry's.\/ my life will be a lot better than it is now.
10. i think she's re shy than unfriendly.\/ he is re lazy than slow at his work.
11. she is taller than by three inches.\/ she is three ialler than i \/ i ssed the last train by oe.\/ if anything, it de even angrier.
12. the re i learn about ese history, the re i enjoy living in a.\/ the sller a car is, the easier it is to park.\/ the re upset i got, the less i was able to trate.\/ the re the better.
13. of all the things in the list above, which do you think is the st useful?
14. he's ch the st iginative of theall.
15. the mississippi river is lohan any other river in the uates.\/ a is larger than any other try in asia.\/ a is larger than any try in africa.
16. the bridge being built now is by far the lo across the yellow river.
17. there is no greater love than that of a n who lays down his life for his friends.\/ he has never spent a re w day.\/ few have stranger nas than this band.\/ i love eating ice creaon a hot day.\/ there‘s nothier!\/ i didn't think the show could get aer but after the acrobats left the stage, it got even re exg.
18. let‘s go sowhere quiet.\/ have you read anything iing lately?
19. the irish are very proud of their sense of hur.
20. she's the you persoo swithe el.
21. i love you re than she does.\/ there were re people than we have expected.
22. i worry less than i used to.\/ to be ho, i trust her re than anybody else.
23. she is such a good student that we all like her.\/ she is so good a student that we all like her.\/ it was such bad weather that she had to stay at ho.
24. he got so little ney a nth that he could hardly keep body and soul together.
25. they are such little children that they ot the house by theelves.
26. the officials could see han the eeror.\/ it is no bigger than a credit card!
27. he is no less diligent than you.
28. you 't reach the village other than by boat.
34.代词八大类各自有称谓
代词八大类,各自有称谓。指代人和物,避免常重复。
人称代词(i, ; he; hi she; her; it; it);指示代词(this, that; these, those ),关系代词(who, who that, which ),指代清楚,关系明白,消除误会,减少损失。如果指代不清,关系不明就会造成考试丢分,生活伤心。物主代词(, ne; our, ours; your, yours; his, his; her, hers; their, theirs)事物的所有权要分清,避免一些无谓的纷争。反身代词(self, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, hielf, theelves)强调亲历亲为,时时反省,勇于担当。相互代词(each other; one another)强调人与人之间多一些相互理解,相互帮助,相互信任,生活会更加美好。疑问代词(who, who what, which)认为既要相信真理,也要敢于质疑,不懂就问。不定代词(so, soone, sobody, everyone, everybody, ny, ch, little, etc)希望问题没搞清之前,不要乱下结论。使用不定代词,更加客观公正。
理论从实践中来,最终还要回到实践中去。在实践中感受代词,深刻领悟其用途,力争做到活学活用。
1. what else would you like?\/ i’tired of that café-shall we go sowhere else for a ge?\/-i’going to the school party.–me, too. let’s bring so snacks.–have you ever been to a water park?–no, i haven’t.–me, her.\/-why does he like koalas?–because they’re kind of iing.
2. this isn’t st be soone else’s.\/ sothing is wrong with bike. may i use yours?\/ jack took off his coat ao bed. that car of hers is always breaking down.\/ my life is s right now and yours is so exg.
3. practitrodug yourself and others.\/ please write and tell about yourself.
4. we exged news with one another.\/ ea and dave love each other very ch.
5. such is albert einstein, a sile n with great achievents.\/ i have the sa couter as you do.\/ we see hiwhen he cos to town, but that isn’t often.\/ that’s enough!\/ that’s it.!\/ is that so ?\/ that will do.
6.–when shall we et again?-make it any day you like; it’s all the sa to .
7.– you onday or tuesday?-i’afraid her day is possible.
8. i’ve bought two pens-you have either.
9.–how ey do you have?–none.\/ if i had so ney, i would lend you so, but unfortunately, i have none.\/ none of theknew about the plan because it was kept as a secret.
10. what are you doing now?–nothing.
11. each of the tickets costs 70 dollars.\/ the tickets cost 70 dollars each.\/ the tickets each cost 70 dollars.
12. every n is not ho.\/ not every n is ho.\/ there are fantastic shows every two hours.
13. all of thedon’t ske.\/ not all of theske.\/ none of theske.\/ not all events in history are as terrible as this ,of course.
14. would you please ke it so other day?\/-what other anils do you like?–i like dogs, too.\/ she said helping others ged her life.\/ igine one of you is yang liwei and the other is a reporter frocctv.
15. she will stay here for another 5 days.\/ each ti it seed there’d one re of us.
16. the rest of s are still in the car.\/ the rest of the day ent on the beach.
17. she gave a very valuable present, ohat i had never seen.\/ she gave ny valuable presents, ohat i had never seen.
18. the diary on the desk is better than that \/ the one uhe desk.\/ the books on the desk are better than those\/ the ones uhe desk.
19. few pleasures equal that of a cool drink.
20. he is nothing but a clerk.\/ he is anything but a clerk.\/ he is soone\/ sothing\/ not anybody. she is sothing of a doctor.\/ she has saved ny lives.
35.英语时态无处不在
时间是大家共有的,时态是英语特有的。什么时间做什么事,中文里只需要使用一些辅助词,如经常,正在,即将,已经等就可以表达清楚了,而英语却要使用动词不同的时态或句式。这些时态和句式常常难住了不少人。所谓时态,就是关注什么时间做什么事。这个问题弄清楚了,许多事情就好办了。
英语时态,无处不在。出口提笔,不离不弃。英语里共有十六种时态。最常见的,也是高考常考的以前只有八种,现在已扩充到十二种。每年高考英语试卷十五个单选题就有两三分考时态,完形填空里也偶尔出现,25分书面表达法几乎是句句离不开时态。由此可见,时态学好了,优势就是你的了。
学习英语时态,首先要记住不同时态的构成,它们相当于数学公式。以write为例,列出英语里常见的十二种时态,供参考。一般现在时(write\/writes);一般过去时(wrote);一般将来时(will\/shall write);过去将来是(would\/should write);现在完成时(have\/has written);过去完成时(had written);现在进行时(is\/a/are writing);过去进行时(was\/were writing);现在完成进行时(have\/has been writing);过去完成进行时(had been writing);将来完成时(will\/shall have written);将来进行时(will\/shall be writing)。
光记住公式还远远不够。重要是要学会参悟语境,这是学好英语时态最重要也是最难做的。参悟语境,即通过上下文,抓住时间点,然后依据相关的时态规则,选定正确的时态。想做到这一点,平时要多听多看。听多了,看够了,感觉就找到了,就能够运用自如了。下面先列出一些句子,认真地读,仔细地悟,看看能否找到感觉。
1. he is always ready to help others.\/ she always wears a red dress.\/ she ops talking!\/ i watch tv for sixteen or seventeen hours a day.
2. she likes playing basketball.\/ she loves to tell jokes.
3. everything goes well.\/ there goes the bell.
4. workers face tough tis abroad.
5. the train leaves at 10:20 a.
6. i’ll go with you as soon as i return ho.\/
7. if you work hard, you will succeed year.
8. whatever you say, i will not ge nd.
9. she often cried when she was a girl.\/ i ofte swiing in hotown.
10. i went to the post office just now.\/ i saw a fillast night.
11. i didn’t know you were here.
12. alice will ext week.\/ kids won’t go to school. they’ll study at ho on couters.\/ how will the world be different iure, 100 years fronow?
13. fish will die without water.\/ he will often go to work without having breakfast.\/ that will be xiao li at the door, i think.\/-would you nd ving your bike?–sorry, i’ll do it right away.
14. she is going to speak on tv this evening.\/ if it is fine, we will go fishing.\/ a eting is to be held at 3 o’clock this afternoon.
15. when saw this photo of juing off a bridge, she de prose that i’d never do it again.
16. the baby is g now.\/ he is learning ese now.\/ i know you are arrivi sunday.\/ i think there will be no traffic proble by the year 2050 because ny of us will be w at ho using couters.
17. i don’t really work; i ajust helping out until the new secretary arrives.\/ we’re training every day this week to prepare for our ch.
18.–lily, here is a call for you.–oh, i’g.
19. they were writing busily when miss browo get the book she had left in the office.\/ that evening scrooge was sitting in front of his fire at ho when , suddenly, he saw a ghost in front of hi\/ i was supposed to arrive at 7:00 , but i arrived at 8:00.
20. he was always king the sa stake.\/ she is always talking loud in public.
21. he has turned off the light.\/ how ch have you learned so far?\/ she has already tidied her roo\/ in the last thirty years, the i has groidly.\/ lovers have suffered sint tis the sorrows of parting.多情自古伤离别。\/ we will have finished our work by 8 o’clock torrow.
22. he has written 6 books so far.\/ my life has ged a lot in the last few years.\/ how long have you been colleg shells?
23. this is the first ti i have co here.\/ this was the third ti (that) she had de the sa stake.
24. i will go with you as soon as i have finished work.\/ we have all played with snow and ice.
25. by then he had learned english for six years.\/ he had finished writing the book by the end of last nth.\/ he said that he had been abroad for 3 years.\/ she said that she had fotten to do hers.\/ he said that he had been painting the house all day.\/ i had thought you would co torrow.\/ we were to et at about 5.\/ by eight o’clock torroill have been w for ten hours.
36.英语情态动词简介
英语里的情态动词,通俗地说就是说话的态度问题。就是所谓的态度决定一切(attitude deternes everything.)。说话要留有余地,不能把话说绝了,要客观公正,不主观武断(ght, y, could , , will, should, ought to )。能(\/ be able to)还是不能('t),要实事求是。敢(dare)不敢(daren't)做是一回事,该(should\/ought to ,)不该(shouldn't \/ough to )做是另一回事。有没有决心(will)做也是一个关键性问题。还有就是,该肯定时肯定(st\/shall\/have to),不能一味否定(s\/shan't)。是过去常做的(used to \/would)还是现在常做的(will)也要说明白。是肯定做了(st have done),可能做了(\/could have done),还是本不该做而做了(shouldn't have done\/ought to have done ),本不必做而做了( have done),这些都是要弄清楚的,不能含糊,含糊可能要犯错误的。
说的多多不如做的多,还是看例句后再说。仔细观摩,认真揣测,深刻领会,用于实践。
1. you st ca early.\/he st be sleeping now.\/ must you ke so oise?\/ this is a class a hike-you have to be fit.
2. he swi\/ he ’t be at ho.\/you ’t be telling us the truth.\/ you ’t be careful enough.\/you ever be too careful.
3.–might \/could i use your bike torr?–yes, you y\/.\/your ther y be waiting for you to go ho.\/ this y not be done by her.\/ may we never fet each other.\/he y well be proud of his son.\/you y as well do it at once.\/ he ght be running to catch a bus.\/ you ght as well argue with a stone wall.
4. if you will co, we’ll be very pleased.\/ she will listen to records, alone in her roofor hours.
5. she was frightened of the anils, so she wouldn’t co to the zoo.\/ would you please co with us?\/ before he ca back frothe front, his ther would sit here waiting for hi
6. the boy wasn’t able to walk when he was years old.\/ the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.
7. shall the driver wait outside?\/ you shall answer for what you did!\/ it has been annouhat didates shall rein in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
8. i should go and visit hithis afternoon, but i wonder if i will be free.\/ we should arrive before dark.\/ that he should speak to you like that is quite astonishing.
9. he do it .\/ he doesn’t o do it. the floor sweeping \/ to be swept.
10. i didn’t know whether he dared say that to hi\/ he didn’t dare (to) do it.\/ he dared not do it.
11. it st have rained last night for the road is quite ddy.
12.- she have goo her aunt?–no, she ’t have goo her aunt’s. i saw her just now.\/ she ca here on foot, but she could have co by bus.\/ he ot have fotten it.
13. it’s too late. i think he y have goo bed.\/ he y not have fihe work.
14. you ought to have dohis exercise re carefully.\/ you shouldn’t have told her the truth.\/ you should have asked what you were supposed to wear.
15. you have taken a taxi here, for it was very o house.\/ there is no school today. you have co.
16. you had better not have scolded her.
17. i would love to have goo the party last night, but i had to work extra hours to finish a report.
18. i raised objes at the eting, but now i would rather not have dohat.
19. he st have been there yesterday, wasn’t he?\/ he st have been there, hasn’t he?\/ he ’t have been there yesterday, was h?\/he ’t have been there, has he?
20. you used to be short didn’t you ?
37.什么什么的干活
吃什么,穿什么,用什么,说什么,写什么,玩什么,什么什么的没有一天离开过我们的生活,什么已然成了生活的必需。其实也早已成为高考英语试卷的热门句式。细心的人不难发现几乎每年的高考英语试卷都能见到它的踪影。虽说是英语试卷的常客,真正能熟悉它的不是全部。所以我想就此家伙的行踪作一专题介绍,希望有更多的人能够跟它做知根知底的朋友。
什么什么的,在英语中不总是翻译成什么,就像网友取网名一样,它也有不同的称谓,如某某的话,某某的东西,某某的事等。吃什么,穿什么,用什么,做什么等可以分别说成what to eat\/what soos ,what to wear\/what soone wears, what to use\/what soone uses, what to do\/what soone does, etc。美的,丑的,好的,坏的,善的,恶的等可以说成what is beautiful, what is ugly, what is good, what is bad, what is right, what is evil etc。
下面介绍一些成语和名人名言,通过双语视窗\/中英对照进行观察分析,(或者通过中英互译练习)顺便掌握有关“what“的英语热门句式。
1.record whatever one hears.有闻必录。
2.make what is good still better.锦上添花。
3.each does what he thinks is right.各行其是。
4.what we do willingly is easy.世上无难事,只要肯登攀。
5.no one picks up what's left by the wayside.道不拾遗。
6.what's frequently heard be repeated iail.耳熟能详。
7.what we learn with pleasure we never fet.乐意学的东西绝不会忘记。
8.what you hear y be false, what you see is true.耳听为虚,眼见为实。
9.do what ohinks is right regardless of others' opinions.独行其是。
10.maintain your enthusiasno tter what happens.无论发生什么事都保持热情。
11.a wise n cares not for what he ot have.聪明的人不在乎他不能得到的东西。
12.master what is lited and one will be able to reach what is boundless.掌握有限,通达无限。
13.what is past is beyond help, what's to co is not yet lost.往者不可谏,来者犹可追。-《论语》
14.when one's hungry os what there is ;when one's cold one wears what one has.饥不择食,寒不择衣。
15.a n ,indeed, be said to be eager to learn who is scious ,in the course of a day, of what he lacks and who never fets, in the course of a nth, what he has stered.日知其所亡,月无望其所能,可谓好学也已矣。-《论语》
38.蚂蚁爱英语
生物书,英语书都曾有过关于蚂蚁的报道。我也是从那里知道了蚂蚁的一鳞半爪。报道说:蚂蚁社会分工明确,各司其职,互不越位,爱岗敬业,任劳任怨,无蚁偷懒。另据报道,蚂蚁爱清洁也是出了名的。蚂蚁所到之处,是不留脏污的。蚂蚁深知,脏了周边环境,不利于自己生存。除此之外,蚂蚁对英语也是或多或少有贡献的。我们深知,英语在世界上的使用范围是很广的,由此推断,蚂蚁对英语有贡献,也就是对世界的贡献。蚂蚁是动物世界里的清洁卫士,也是人类世界的语言天使。空口无凭,有例为证。
我在英语词汇的海洋里,顺手打捞了一些蚂蚁(ants),为蚂蚁的精神所感动。蚂蚁从不因为小,就自暴自弃。蚂蚁总是喜欢做些力所能及的事,哪怕是为人类。请看蚂蚁的奉献。
你的账户(at)需要蚂蚁(ant)来帮助,于是有了(atant)。
能否公平公正地给予(accord)离不开蚂蚁(ant)来帮衬,于是又了和谐(accordant)。
从北极(arctic)到南极(antarctica),数蚂蚁最为勇敢。
ant和her在一起成就了雄蕊之粉囊(anther)。
蚂蚁(ant)之小,成就了大象(elephant)之大。
喜欢(fond)吃软糖的,给你(fondant)。
学会观察,成为观察力强的人(observant)。
page 和ant 联合,成为壮观的场面。
巨人,杰出的人(giant)从来不小视蚂蚁(ant)。
好习惯成就好人生,居住者(habitant)多半有好习惯。
要申请,要上诉,请蚂蚁帮助(appellant;applit)。
aspire找到了蚂蚁(ant),成为名副其实的有上进心的人(aspirant)。
学习蚂蚁(ant)任劳任怨的精神,就会拥有一个光辉的前程(a brilliant future)。
凡事皆有另外。说了蚂蚁n多的好,蚂蚁家族中可能也有不受欢迎的少数派。如(arrogant)总是骄傲自大;(lignant)有毒的,有恶意的;(pollutant)污染物质,等等。
君子坦淡淡,小人常戚戚。多看主流,不与少数派蚂蚁斤斤计较。
39.填空题比选择题更适合培养想象力
填空题比选择题更适合培养想象力,而想象力比知识更重要。看下面这道填空题,仔细观察题中所给的信息,想象出可能的答案,尤其要注意影响答案正确与否的关键词。请看例句the ship was_____for so rocks.
有几人想出下面不同的答案:1.de 2. repaired 3.destroyed 4.blocked 5.filled 6.heading 7.hit 8.built
每一个答案从句义上看都具有其合理性,但正确答案只有一个,即6.heading。因为受前后词语搭配影响,别的答案句义通,但语法搭配不合理。而heading 不仅句义通,而且语法也正确。
这道题一方面需要答题者尽情地发挥想象力,另一方面还要具有一定的语言基础知识,要看你的短语掌握的怎样。此题的成功之处在于不仅仅是为了选对abcdefg中的某一个,这远远不够。激发了做题者的想象力,这才是最重要的。
答案1.de for前不用 was;答案2.repaired后不能接for so rocks;答案3.destroyed后面应接by;答案4.blocked后面也应接by;答案5.filled后面应该跟with连用;答案7.hit要么后面接by短语,或者去掉它前面的was和后面的by;答案8.built后面for so rocks改换成in短语,或将rocks换成别的某个对象。答案6.heading与for连用表达朝某人或某物的方向移动。这句话的中文意思是:这艘船正驶向礁石。
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